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IRR (Internal Rate of Return)

En español: Tasa interna de retorno (TIR, IRR)

Definition

The internal rate of return is the annual rate at which an investment's cash flows, in and out, exactly balance. It is the one measure that accounts for WHEN money arrives as well as how much of it does, which is why institutions underwrite to it and why it can be engineered.

How to read it
How to read it
  • It is a rate, so time is inside it. Money returned sooner raises it even if the total returned never changes.
  • It is highly sensitive to the exit price, which is an assumption. Most of a projected IRR is usually made on the last day of the model.
  • It assumes distributions are reinvested at the same rate, which is rarely true and quietly flatters long holds.
  • Read it beside the equity multiple. One says how fast, the other how much, and a deal needs both answers.
An example
An example

The same purchase and the same five-year hold: $587,500 in, the cash flow it produced, and the net proceeds at sale.

Equity invested−$587,500
Cash flow, years one to four$19,212
Year five, cash flow plus net sale$639,422
IRR4.3%

The same deal reads 1.22x as a multiple and 4.3% as a rate. Neither is wrong; the rate is the one that says whether the years were worth it.

Terms arrive with the writing.

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